Question 1

What is menopause and perimenopause?

Accepted Answer

Perimenopause is the transitional period leading up to menopause, during which hormone levels fluctuate and symptoms often begin. Menopause is defined as 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period and marks the end of ovarian estrogen production. Symptoms may begin years before menopause and can persist long after.

Question 2

What symptoms are commonly associated with menopause?

Accepted Answer

Common menopausal symptoms include:

• Vaginal dryness or irritation
 • Painful intercourse
 • Urinary urgency or incontinence
 • Recurrent urinary tract infections
 • Pelvic floor changes
 • Hot flashes and night sweat
 • Sleep disruption
 • Fatigue and lack of energy
 • Mood changes, such as irritability and anxiety
 • Cognitive changes such as brain fog

Question 3

How does menopause affect bladder and pelvic health?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen plays a critical role in maintaining the health of the bladder, urethra, vaginal tissues, and pelvic floor muscles. As estrogen levels decline, tissues become thinner and less elastic, increasing the risk of urinary symptoms, vaginal discomfort, and pelvic floor dysfunction.

Question 4

How is menopause treated in a urogynecology practice?

Accepted Answer

Menopause care in a urogynecology practice focuses on pelvic, vaginal, and bladder health. Treatment may include vaginal estrogen therapy, pelvic floor evaluation and treatment, management of urinary symptoms, and sexual wellness therapies to improve comfort and function.  When appropriate, systemic hormone therapy may be used along side localized vaginal treatments to support overall health and relieve broader menopausal symptoms.

Question 5

When is systemic hormone therapy considered?

Accepted Answer

Systemic hormone therapy is a critical component of comprehensive urogynecologic care, particularly for women whose symptoms extend beyond isolated pelvic floor issues. While localized treatments such as pelvic floor therapy or vaginal estrogen may be appropriate starting points, many urogynecologic conditions are fundamentally driven by global hormonal decline, not just local tissue changes.

Systemic hormone therapy is often considered when menopausal hormone deficiency contributes to persistent or multifactorial symptoms, including:

• Painful bladder syndromes or chronic urinary urgency
 • Recurrent urinary tract infections despite local therapy
 • Sexual dysfunction, decreased libido, or painful intercourse
 • Worsening vaginal atrophy that does not fully respond to local estrogen
 • Pelvic floor symptoms occurring alongside systemic menopausal complaints such as hot flashes, sleep disruption, mood changes, or fatigue

In these cases, addressing pelvic anatomy or muscle function alone is often insufficient. Restoring overall hormonal balance can significantly improve bladder sensitivity, tissue health, sexual function, and response to other urogynecologic treatments.

When systemic hormone optimization is indicated, care is coordinated with Foundations at Maitland, our physician-led practice specializing in individualized systemic hormone therapy. This collaborative approach ensures patients receive integrated care that addresses both pelvic health and whole-body hormonal needs.

Question 6

How do localized and systemic hormone therapies work together?

Accepted Answer

Localized vaginal estrogen and systemic hormone therapy serve complementary roles. Vaginal estrogen directly supports tissue health, while systemic therapy addresses whole-body hormonal balance. Many women benefit from a coordinated approach between their urogynecologist and hormone optimization provider.

Question 7

Is menopause treatment safe?

Accepted Answer

Yes. Menopause treatment is safe and effective when it is appropriately prescribed, individualized, and carefully monitored. Vaginal estrogen therapy has minimal systemic absorption and is considered safe for the vast majority of women, including those who may not be candidates for systemic therapy.

Systemic hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is also safe and highly effective when it is properly dosed, tailored to the individual, and managed by clinicians with expertise in menopause medicine. Current evidence supports the use of systemic hormones for symptom relief, tissue health, bladder and sexual function, and overall quality of life when therapy is initiated appropriately and monitored over time.

At Advanced Urogynecology and Foundations at Maitland,(www.foundationsfl.com) menopause care is provided by our same clinicians who have specialized training in hormonal management. Patients receiving systemic hormone therapy undergo thorough evaluation, individualized treatment planning, and ongoing monitoring to ensure both safety and effectiveness. This expert-guided approach minimizes risk while maximizing benefit.

The key to safe menopause treatment is not avoiding hormones altogether, but ensuring they are used thoughtfully, responsibly, and under the guidance of providers who understand both pelvic health and whole-body hormonal physiology.

Question 8

When should I seek care for menopausal symptoms?

Accepted Answer

You should seek care as soon as menopausal symptoms begin to affect your comfort, health, or quality of life. Earlier evaluation allows for the widest range of treatment options and is associated with the greatest benefit and safety when hormone therapy is indicated. Addressing symptoms early can help prevent progression of vaginal, bladder, pelvic floor, and sexual health concerns.

That said, women who are later in menopause can still benefit from hormone therapy and other menopause treatments. These cases simply require a more individualized approach, careful assessment, and expert guidance to ensure therapy is safe and effective. This is particularly important for women with long-standing symptoms, complex medical histories, or overlapping urogynecologic concerns.

Our practice specializes in personalized menopause care across all stages of the menopausal transition. Whether symptoms are new or long-standing, we focus on thoughtful evaluation, evidence-based treatment, and ongoing monitoring to optimize outcomes while prioritizing safety.