Question 1

What is a cystoscopy?

Accepted Answer

A cystoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that allows your provider to look directly inside the bladder and urethra using a thin, flexible camera called a cystoscope. The camera provides real-time images of the bladder lining, helping identify irritation, bleeding, stones, abnormal tissue, or other findings that may explain urinary symptoms.

Question 2

Why is cystoscopy recommended?

Accepted Answer

Cystoscopy may be recommended to evaluate:

• Blood in the urine (hematuria)
 • Recurrent urinary tract infections
 • Painful bladder symptoms
 • Urinary urgency or frequency
 • Difficulty emptying the bladder
 • Abnormal findings on urine testing or imaging

This procedure allows for a more definitive diagnosis when non-invasive testing does not provide clear answers.

Question 3

How is cystoscopy performed?

Accepted Answer

Cystoscopy is typically performed in the office and usually takes 5–10 minutes. Before the procedure, a numbing gel is applied to the urethral opening to improve comfort. The cystoscope is then gently inserted into the bladder. Sterile fluid is used to fill the bladder so the lining can be clearly visualized.

Patients may choose to view the procedure on the monitor if they wish. At the end of the exam, the bladder is drained for comfort.

Question 4

Does cystoscopy hurt?

Accepted Answer

Most women describe cystoscopy as uncomfortable rather than painful. You may feel pressure or a brief burning sensation during insertion, but the procedure is generally well tolerated. The numbing gel helps minimize discomfort, and the procedure is completed quickly.

For patients who feel anxious about procedures or would like additional relaxation, Pronox (nitrous oxide) is available as an optional add-on.  Pronox helps reduce stress and discomfort during the procedure and wears off quickly once treatment is complete.  This is a self-administered option, allowing you to control your level of comfort throughout the procedure.

Pronox is offered as a cash-based service and is completely optional.  Many patients do well with lidocaine alone, while others appreciate the added calming effect, particularly during their first treatment.

Question 5

Will I need anesthesia or a driver?

Accepted Answer

Cystoscopy does not require anesthesia. You may eat a light meal before your appointment and are welcome to bring a driver for support, though this is not required. Most patients are able to drive themselves and resume normal activities afterward.

Question 6

Can a biopsy be done during cystoscopy?

Accepted Answer

Yes. If an area of concern is identified, a small tissue sample (biopsy) may be taken during the procedure. This is done safely and typically adds only a brief amount of time. If a biopsy is performed, you may notice a small amount of blood in the urine afterward.

Question 7

What should I expect after cystoscopy?

Accepted Answer

After the procedure:

• You may return to normal activities right away
 • Mild burning with urination or urinary urgency may occur temporarily
 • If a biopsy was taken, pink, red, or brown-tinged urine may be seen for a short time

Drinking plenty of fluids helps flush the bladder and reduce irritation. You should contact the office if you experience persistent pain, fever, difficulty urinating, or worsening symptoms.

Question 8

Are there risks associated with cystoscopy?

Accepted Answer

Cystoscopy is a very safe procedure. Risks are uncommon but may include temporary discomfort, urinary irritation, or infection. Serious complications are rare. We take every precaution to ensure safety and comfort throughout the procedure.

Question 9

Who performs cystoscopy?

Accepted Answer

Cystoscopy is performed by Dr. Kristin Jackson, our board-certified urogynecology specialist,  with advanced training in female pelvic and bladder conditions. Dr. Jackson has been performing urogynecologic care for over 20 years.  Her experience allows for accurate evaluation and thoughtful interpretation of findings within the broader context of pelvic health.

Cystoscopy for Bladder Evaluation