Mammograms

What happens during a mammogram?

A mammogram is a type of X-ray used to screen for breast cancer or to diagnose and evaluate symptoms like lumps, nipple discharge, or dimpled or puckered skin. During the mammogram procedure, the patient will wear a gown that opens in the front and stand in front of the mammogram machine. The breast will be placed on a special plate that contains the X-ray film, and a second plate will be slowly lowered onto the breast, compressing the breast tissue and flattening it so the entire breast can be viewed and evaluated. Breast tissue can be dense, and compressing the tissue is the best way to ensure tiny lumps or other abnormal areas are clearly seen. The X-ray itself takes just a few seconds. In most cases, two views will be taken of each breast.

Are mammograms painful?

The imaging itself causes no pain, but compression of the breast tissue can be uncomfortable. For women who have sensitive breasts during menstruation, scheduling a mammogram two weeks following a period can help reduce discomfort. The entire procedure is very quick, so any discomfort that does occur will be brief and minimal.

How often should I have a mammogram?

The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology recommends annual mammograms for women beginning at age 40, but women with risk factors for breast cancer are usually advised to have screenings at an earlier age. There are differing recommendations regarding the types of tests and frequency of mammograms. A thorough family history and physical exam will help your doctor determine the best screening options.

What if my mammogram shows something abnormal or suspicious?

Most abnormalities are not due to breast cancer. Cysts and calcium deposits (calcifications) can also cause abnormal results. When an abnormal area of tissue is discovered, a biopsy may be ordered to remove a very small tissue sample from that area of the breast. The tissue will be examined under a microscope to check for the presence of cancer cells, so the most appropriate treatment can be provided.